In the 1840s, post-Napoleonic Italy was \'a geographical expression\'--not a country, but a patchwork of states.
This will be his third MAA title..
He has published several works in the UK, including MAA 499 Armies of the War of the Triple Alliance 1864-70 published in March 2015, and is a regular contributor to many specialized magazines.
His main field of research is the military of 19th-century Latin America, but his interests range from the Ancient world to modern post-colonial conflicts.
About the Author: Gabriele Esposito is an Italian researcher and a long-time student of military history.
Eventually the south voted to join the north in a unified kingdom (February 1861); nevertheless, northern troops had to enforce this by a ruthless occupation during the 1860s--a little-known campaign.
In the south, Garibaldi\'s \'Redshirts\' led a successful rising against the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (1860).
Savoy/Piedmont endeavored to strengthen the relationship with France and Britain, by sending troops to fight alongside them in the Crimean War, 1854-56 and, as a result, it was actively supported by a French army in the Second War of Independence (1859), when the battles of Magenta and Solferino freed most of the north from Austrian rule.
These were eventually crushed (First War of Independence, 1848-49); but they left King Victor Emmanuel of Savoy/Piedmont--and his able minister Cavour--determined to liberate and unify the country, while royal authority in the Two Sicilies was left deeply unpopular.
From Naples, a Spanish-descended Bourbon monarchy ruled the south--\'the Two Sicilies.\' The European \'Year of Revolutions\', 1848, saw popular uprisings against the regimes all over the peninsula.
The north (Savoy/Piedmont, and Venice ) was ruled by Austria-Hungary, and most of the minor central states were more or less clients of Austria.
In the 1840s, post-Napoleonic Italy was \'a geographical expression\'--not a country, but a patchwork of states
