If any writer can be said to have invented the modern short story, it is Anton Chekhov.
The poignant astonishm.
The obsequious terror of the official who accidentally sneezes on a general.
The abashed happiness of a woman in the presence of the husband who abandoned her years before.
And what marvelous and unbearable things are revealed in these Forty Stories.
It is not just that Chekhov democratized this art form; more than that, he changed the thrust of short fiction from relating to revealing.
If any writer can be said to have invented the modern short story, it is Anton Chekhov