Open Standards and the Digital Age: History, Ideology, and Networks, Paperback/Andrew L. Russell - Cambridge University Press

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How did openness become a foundational value for the Networks of the twenty-first century? Open Standards and the Digital Age answers this question through an interdisciplinary History of information Networks that pays close attention to the politics of standardization.
In the 1970s and 1980s, however, engineers in the.
For much of the twentieth century, information Networks such as the monopoly Bell System and the American military\'s Arpanet were closed systems subject to centralized control.
How did openness become a foundational value for the Networks of the twenty-first century? Open Standards and the Digital Age answers this question through an interdisciplinary History of information Networks that pays close attention to the politics of standardization