Astronomy is inherently more observational rather than an elemental study of science.
This.
An early study of the universe was done through the naked eyes.
You will also understand the study of the solar system with relation to the gravitational attraction that holds the planets in their elliptical orbits around the sun.
All measurements are performed at a greater distance from the object of interest, with no control of quantities such as chemical composition, pressure, or temperature.
Astronomy is inherently more observational rather than an elemental study of science