Over the last few decades, remarkable progress has been made in understanding the aetiology and pathophysiology of diseases and many new theories emphasize the importance of the Small Bowel \'ecosystem\' in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic illness.
Therefore,.
Emerging factors such as microbiome, stem cells, innate intestinal immunity and the enteric nervous system along with mucosal and endothelial barriers have key role in the development of gastrointestinal and extra-intestinal diseases.
Over the last few decades, remarkable progress has been made in understanding the aetiology and pathophysiology of diseases and many new theories emphasize the importance of the Small Bowel \'ecosystem\' in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic illness
