Description Heretic and impostor or reformer and statesman? The contradictory Western visions of Muhammad In European culture, Muhammad has been vilified as a heretic, an impostor, and a pagan idol.
Twitter @JohnVTolan.
His previous books include Saracens: Islam in the Medieval European Imagination and Saint Francis and the Sultan .
About the Author John Tolan is professor of history at the University of Nantes and a member of the Academia Europaea.
The book shows that Muhammad wears so many Faces in the West because he has always acted as a mirror for its writers, their portrayals revealing more about their own concerns than the historical realities of the founder of Islam.
To Napoleon, he was simply a role model: a brilliant general, orator, and leader.
Voltaire first saw Muhammad as an archetypal religious fanatic but later claimed him as an enemy of superstition.
In revolutionary England, writers on both sides of the conflict drew parallels between Muhammad and Oliver Cromwell, asking whether the Prophet was a rebel against legitimate authority or the bringer of a new and just order.
To Reformation polemicists, the spread of Islam attested to the corruption of the established Church, and prompted them to depict Muhammad as a champion of reform.
Faces of Muhammad reveals a lengthy tradition of positive portrayals of Muhammad that many will find surprising.
Starting from the earliest calls to the faithful to join the Crusades against the "Saracens," he traces the evolution of Western conceptions of Muhammad through the Reformation, the Enlightenment, and the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, and up to the present day.
In Faces of Muhammad , John Tolan provides a comprehensive history of these changing, complex, and contradictory visions.
Commentators have also portrayed Muhammad as a visionary reformer and an inspirational leader, statesman, and lawgiver.
But these aren\'t the only imAges of the Prophet of Islam that emerge from Western history.
Description Heretic and impostor or reformer and statesman? The contradictory Western visions of Muhammad In European culture, Muhammad has been vilified as a heretic, an impostor, and a pagan idol
